The Constitution Day, also known as “Samvidhan Divas”, is celebrated in India on November 26 every year. The day commemorates the adoption of the Indian Constitution in 1949.
In 2015, India officially declared the annual observance to honor the values of justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity enshrined in the Constitution.
The Prime Minister of India Shri Narendra Modi greeted the nation on the occasion of Constitution Day, and its 75th anniversary. In a post on X, he wrote: “Best wishes to all countrymen on the auspicious occasion of the 75th anniversary of the Indian Constitution on Constitution Day.”
Speaking on this day, Chief Justice of India (CJI) shares: “Constitution is A Way Of Life That Has To Be Lived Up to”.
While speaking at the Constitution Day celebration of the Supreme Court Bar Association (SCBA), the Chief Justice of India (CJI) Sanjiv Khanna shared since independence, India has had a transformative journey.
From a nation which under the aftermaths of the horror of partition, widespread illiteracy, poverty and hunger, lack of a robust democratic system of checks and balances resulting in self-doubt, has emerged today as a mature and a vibrant democracy, a self-assured nation, and a geopolitical leader.
But at the back of it is the Constitution of India which has helped this transformation, CJI Khanna shared.
While addressing the SCBA meet, CJI Sanjiv Khanna also said that his tenure as a member of the Bar is certainly longer than his tenure as a judge. “Judges come from the bar and go back to the bar. We belong to the bar, the better the bar, the better the judges…” CJI said while emphasizing that he has seen the problems faced by the members of the Bar. He further said that the Bar is as much a part of judiciary as the judges.
The Constitution of India was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November 1949, and it came into force on 26th January 1950. At the time of its adoption, the Constitution contained 395 Articles and 8 Schedules, and was about 145,000 words long, making it the longest national Constitution to ever be adopted.
Bharat Ratna Dr Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, Chairman of the Drafting Committee, had presented the final draft of the Indian Constitution to Dr Rajendra Prasad, President of the Constituent Assembly, on 25th November 1949.
The Constitution of India is the supreme legal document of India. The document lays down the framework that demarcates fundamental political code, structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles, and the duties of citizens. It is the longest written national constitution in the world. It imparts constitutional supremacy (not parliamentary supremacy, since it was created by a constituent assembly rather than Parliament) and was adopted by its people with a declaration in its preamble. Parliament cannot override the constitution.
The constitution replaced the Government of India Act 1935 as the country’s fundamental governing document, and the Dominion of India became the Republic of India. To ensure constitutional autochthony, its framers repealed prior acts of the British parliament in Article 395. India also celebrates its constitution on 26 January as Republic Day.
The constitution declares India a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic, assures its citizens justice, equality, and liberty, and endeavors to promote fraternity. The original 1950 constitution is preserved in a nitrogen-filled case at the Old Parliament House in New Delhi.
The constitution of India repealed the Indian Independence Act 1947 and Government of India Act 1935 when it became effective on 26 January 1950, India ceased to be a dominion of the British Crown and became a sovereign, democratic republic with the constitution.
Articles 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 60, 324, 366, 367, 379, 380, 388, 391, 392, 393, and 394 of the constitution came into force on 26 November 1949, and the remaining articles became effective on 26 January 1950-the day, which is celebrated every year in India as the Republic Day.
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