The recent demolition of Mahafezkhana, a colonial-era structure in Guwahati, has ignited widespread concern among citizens and heritage enthusiasts. This action was undertaken by the Guwahati Metropolitan Development Authority (GMDA) to facilitate the expansion of the Brahmaputra Riverfront Project. The loss of this historic building, which had withstood major earthquakes in 1897 and 1950, has raised questions about the balance between urban development and heritage preservation.

Historical Significance of Mahafezkhana

Constructed between 1855 and 1865 during British rule, Mahafezkhana, also known as the record room, served as a repository for maps, administrative orders, and local land records until early last year. Its robust structure, characterized by 20-inch-thick walls, enabled it to survive significant seismic events, marking it as a testament to historical architectural resilience.

The Brahmaputra Riverfront Development Project

Initiated in 2003 with an estimated cost exceeding Rs 300 crore, the Brahmaputra riverfront development aims to revitalize a 6-km stretch between Raj Bhawan (Kharghuli Hill) and the Kamakhya Temple (Nilachal Hill). The project envisions creating a dynamic space for tourism, economic activities, and recreational facilities for locals.

Public Reaction and Criticism

The demolition has evoked strong reactions from various quarters. Filmmaker Utpal Borpujari expressed his dismay on social media, highlighting the potential for the building’s restoration and adaptive reuse as a museum or caf. He criticized the authorities for not preserving the structure, emphasizing its historical and cultural value.

Adding to the controversy, the GMDA’s own 2014 publication, “Forever Guwahati,” had previously acknowledged Mahafezkhana’s storied history and resilience, noting its survival through the 1897 earthquake and its role as a ready archive.

Conservation vs. Development Debate

The incident has reignited the ongoing debate between heritage conservation and urban development. While the riverfront project promises modern amenities and economic benefits, the loss of historic structures like Mahafezkhana raises concerns about preserving the city’s cultural identity. Citizens and conservationists are calling for more inclusive planning processes that integrate heritage preservation into development initiatives.

The demolition of Mahafezkhana serves as a poignant reminder of the delicate balance cities must maintain between progress and preservation. As Guwahati strides towards modernization, it becomes imperative to ensure that development projects honor and incorporate the rich historical tapestry that defines the city. Engaging the community and heritage experts in urban planning can pave the way for sustainable development that respects and celebrates the past.