Microplastics are basically plastic litter that consists of pieces of plastic that are less than 5mm in size. They come from two main sources: synthetic microplastic & secondary microplastic. Synthetic microplastic can be primary microplastic, manufactured as small as beads in different cosmetic products. Other is bigger plastics degrade to form secondary microplastics. Aquatic beings consume these particles, particularly in water bodies. Which results in adverse impacts on water habitats and, possibly, the food chain.  

According to the University of New Mexico study, there was a high density of microplastics in the brains. Out of 12 people who passed away from dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease.  

New samples were taken from human brains during autopsy in early 2024. The reports showed it had more microplastics than samples taken eight years before.

“These plastics have been identified in the human heart, major blood vessels, lungs, liver, testes, gastrointestinal tract and placenta,” Dr. Philip Landrigan, a pediatrist and a professor of biology at Boston College, now the director of the Program for Global Public Health and the Common Good and the Global Observatory on Planetary Health.  

Microplastics can enter the human body through various pathways. The most likely way through direct consumption of contaminated food and water and through the respiratory system. These particles can enter the body through the bloodstream and possibly pass through the blood-brain barrier, which normally protects the brain from dangerous substances. 

Health Concerns 

Inflammation and Neurotoxicity

Microplastics may cause inflammation and generate reactive oxygen species in the brain tissue which in turn may bring about neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.  

Cognitive Impairment

If people are repeatedly exposing themselves to microplastics, they may develop issues over time. It can cause memory loss, learning issues, and decision-making. They could alter connections between neural cells or cause adverse effects on neurotransmitter transmitter systems.  

Current Research and Challenges  

Researchers have yet to clearly establish other effects of microplastics on brain health. Recent research tried to identify the nature of the relationship between these particles and neurons and the outcomes of these compounds’ presence.  

Preventive Measures  

Addressing the issue of microplastics in the brain requires a multifaceted approach 

• Reducing Plastic Use: We should reduce the use of plastic and replace it with sustainable materials instead.

• Improving Waste Management: Measures such as proper recycling and management of waste can mitigate the chances of having particles of plastics finding their way into the environment.  
 
Finding microplastics in the brain implies that we have to deal with the issue of plastic pollution. Though the long-term health effects have not been fully understood, the possible adverse effect on brain health seize the urgency of limiting plastic use and enhancing the environment’s sustainability. Therefore, much more research needs to be done but at the same time carefully the usage of plastics should be minimized to curb the impact of this prevalent environmental pollutant.