Vishu is a significant Hindu festival celebrated with grandeur and devotion in the Indian state of Kerala, as well as in the Tulu region of Karnataka, parts of Tamil Nadu, the Mahe district of Puducherry, and among the global Malayali diaspora. In Kerala, it holds such cultural and religious importance that it is observed as a regional public holiday. Vishu marks the beginning of the traditional New Year according to the Malayalam calendar and is associated with hope, prosperity, and the renewal of life.

The Date and Astrological Significance of Vishu

Vishu is observed on the first day of the Malayalam month of Medam, which usually falls on April 14 or 15 in the Gregorian calendar. In 2025, Vishu will be celebrated on Monday, April 14, with the Sankranti moment—when the sun enters the zodiac sign Aries (Mesha Sankranti or Mesha Sankramam)—occurring at 3:30 AM, according to Drik Panchang.

The word “Vishu” means “equal” in Sanskrit, symbolizing the balance of day and night, much like an equinox. Though it is deeply rooted in Malayali tradition, the festival is part of a broader Indian celebration of harvest and new beginnings. Similar festivals include Baisakhi in Punjab and Bihu in Assam, reflecting a pan-Indian tradition of seasonal transition and agricultural celebration.

Mythological Roots and Historical Significance

The history of Vishu is enriched by myth and folklore. One popular legend associated with the festival involves Lord Krishna’s victory over the demon Narakasura, a tale that symbolizes the triumph of good over evil. Another well-known story connects Vishu with the Sun God, Surya Dev. According to this myth, the demon king Ravana had forbidden the Sun from rising in the east. After Ravana's defeat, Surya Dev resumed his natural course, and his return on Vishu day marked the restoration of cosmic order. This legend reinforces Vishu's symbolism of light, rebirth, and divine alignment.

The festival is also closely tied to Lord Vishnu, the preserver in Hindu mythology, and his incarnation as Krishna. Rituals and prayers during Vishu often focus on invoking divine blessings for health, wealth, and happiness in the coming year.

Rituals and Morning Traditions of Vishu

One of the most cherished customs of Vishu is the Vishu Kani, an auspicious arrangement that family members view at dawn to welcome prosperity and good luck. The word “Kani” means “that which is seen first”, and seeing the Vishu Kani upon waking is believed to bring blessings throughout the year.

The Vishu Kani is arranged in an Uruli, a traditional brass vessel, which is filled with items symbolizing abundance—raw rice, golden cucumber, mangoes, jackfruit, coins, a mirror, flowers like Konna (Cassia fistula), and sacred texts. A traditional oil lamp known as the Nilavilakku is lit and placed beside the Uruli, casting a gentle, divine glow over the setup. On Vishu morning, family members rise early, keep their eyes closed, and are guided to the Kani by an elder, ensuring it is the first sight they behold on the New Year.

Festive Activities, Fireworks, and the Grand Vishu Sadya

Vishu is also known for its vibrant and joyful celebrations. Families read passages from the Ramayana, and the air is often filled with the sound of Vishu Padakkam—firecrackers and fireworks set off to welcome the new year. The day is marked by community bonding, blessings from elders, and the giving of Vishu Kaineettam—money offered by elders to the younger members of the family.

No Vishu celebration is complete without the Vishu Sadya, a sumptuous feast served on banana leaves. This grand vegetarian meal consists of an elaborate spread featuring 20 to 30 dishes, highlighting the culinary richness of Kerala. Some of the beloved dishes include Vishu Thoran, Beans Thoran, Beetroot Pachadi, Manga Pulissery, Tomato Rasam, Aviyal, Sarkara Varatti, Olan, Chakka Aviyal, and Semiya Payasam (vermicelli pudding). The Sadya is a moment of shared joy and gratitude, bringing the whole family together.

Vishu is much more than just the start of a new calendar year. It is a day that symbolizes harmony, renewal, and divine blessings. From its rich mythological background and celestial alignment to its cherished rituals and delicious Sadya, Vishu holds a special place in the hearts of Malayalis around the world. The festival is a celebration of not only a new beginning but also the values of family, tradition, and the eternal rhythm of nature.