Over the centuries, the cultivation of coffee in India has evolved from a humble practice to a thriving industry with the country’s coffee now widely loved across the globe. India is now the seventh-largest coffee producer globally with exports reaching $1.29 billion in FY 2023-24, almost double the $719.42 million in 2020-21.
India’s coffee exports have grown significantly due to the increasing global demand for its rich and unique flavors. In the first half of January 2025 India exported over 9,300 tons of coffee with top buyers including Italy, Belgium, and Russia.
Approximately three-fourths of India’s coffee production consists of Arabica and Robusta beans. These are primarily exported as unroasted beans. However, there is a growing demand for value-added products like roasted and instant coffee, further fueling the export boom.
India’s journey with coffee began centuries ago, when the legendary holy saint Baba Budan brought seven Mocha seeds to the hills of Karnataka in the 1600s. His simple act of planting these seeds in the courtyard of his hermitage in Baba Budan Giri unknowingly set in motion the rise of India as one of the world’s prominent coffee producers.
Due to rise of ‘cafe culture’, higher disposable incomes and a growing preference for coffee over tea, coffee consumption in India is also steadily increasing. This trend has been observed particularly in both urban and rural areas.
Domestic consumption has increased from 84,000 tons in 2012 to 91,000 tons in 2023. This surge reflects a broader shift in drinking habits, as coffee becomes a staple in daily life.
The list of countries by coffee production catalogues sovereign states that have conducive climate and infrastructure to foster the production of coffee beans. Many of these countries maintain substantial supply-chain relations with the world’s largest coffeehouse chains and enterprises.
These coffeehouses play a prominent role in supporting developing economies by waging a variety of coffee wars to gain market share. Often these coffeehouse chains pay a premium above market price in order to alleviate fair trade and sustainable farming concerns. Thus, developing countries that participate in the coffee market wield considerate influence on global coffee economics.
Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, has been the world’s largest producer of coffee for the last 150 years. It is the largest and easternmost country in South America, and the world’s fifth-largest country by area and the seventh largest by population. Other main coffee producers are Vietnam, Indonesia, Colombia, Ethiopia, Uganda, Peru and more.
India’s coffee is primarily grown in the ecologically rich Western and Eastern Ghats, areas famous for their biodiversity. Karnataka leads in production, contributing 248,020 MT in 2022-23, followed by Kerala and Tamil Nadu. These areas are home to shaded plantations that not only support the coffee industry but also play a vital role in preserving the natural environment, helping to maintain the ecological balance of these biodiversity hotspots.
To enhance coffee production and meet growing domestic and international demand the Coffee Board of India has launched several important initiatives. Through the Integrated Coffee Development Project (ICDP) the focus is on improving yields, expanding cultivation in non-traditional regions and ensuring the sustainability of coffee farming. These measures are part of a comprehensive strategy to strengthen India’s coffee industry, increase productivity and improve its global competitiveness.
A prime example of the success of this is Araku Valley, where nearly 150,000 tribal families in collaboration with the Coffee Board and the Integrated Tribal Development Agency (ITDA) have increased coffee production by 20%. This achievement is backed by loans from the Girijan Co-Operative Corporation (GCC). It shows how coffee farming empowers communities and supports the vision of “Aatmanirbhar Bharat”.
These initiatives, combined with export incentives and logistical support, are playing a crucial role in expanding India’s coffee industry. They help improve both domestic production and global competitiveness, firmly establishing India as a leading player in the global coffee market.
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Commencing teaching in his early twenties, Prof Aggarwal has diverse experience of great tenure in the top institutions not only as an educationist, administrator, editor, author but also promoting youth and its achievements through the nicest possible content framing. A revolutionary to the core, he is also keen to address the society around him for its betterment and growth on positive notes while imbibing the true team spirit the work force along with.
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