February 14, 2019, remains etched in Indias memory as one of the darkest days in its battle against terrorism. On this day, a devastating suicide bombing targeted a Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) convoy in Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir, killing 40 brave jawans. The attack, orchestrated by the Pakistan-based terrorist group Jaish-e-Mohammad (JeM), not only resulted in tragic loss but also led to a significant escalation in tensions between India and Pakistan. As we mark the sixth anniversary of this fateful day, we remember the sacrifice of our martyrs and reflect on Indias unwavering commitment to national security and counterterrorism.

The Pulwama Attack

On the afternoon of February 14, 2019, a CRPF convoy of 78 vehicles, carrying over 2,500 paramilitary personnel, was moving along the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway. At Lethpora in Pulwama, a suicide bomber, 22-year-old Adil Ahmad Dar, drove an explosive-laden van into one of the buses, triggering a massive explosion that claimed the lives of 40 CRPF personnel. The attack, one of the deadliest on Indian security forces in recent history, was widely condemned by the international community, with countries like the US, Russia, France, Australia and even China ostensibly showing solidarity with India.

Investigations revealed that the bombing was meticulously planned by JeM, with key conspirators, including Mohammad Umar Farooq, having undergone training in Afghanistan before infiltrating India. The explosives usedRDX, gelatin sticks, aluminum powder, and calcium ammonium nitratewere carefully assembled in a Maruti Suzuki Eeco van to maximize destruction. JeMs leadership, including Masood Azhar, Rouf Asgar, and Ammar Alvi, played crucial roles in orchestrating the attack.

Indias Strong Retaliation: The Balakot Airstrikes

Twelve days after the Pulwama attack, on February 26, 2019, the Indian Air Force (IAF) launched a pre-dawn airstrike, codenamed Operation Bandar, targeting JeMs largest terror training camp in Balakot, Pakistan. Mirage 2000 fighter jets carried out the precision strikes, reportedly eliminating around 300 terrorists and destroying the facility operated by Masood Azhars brother-in-law, Maulana Yousuf Azhar. This marked the first time since the 1971 war that the IAF crossed the Line of Control (LoC), showcasing Indias resolve to eliminate terrorism at its roots.

The airstrikes significantly disrupted JeMs future plans, preventing potential attacks. However, tensions escalated further when, on February 27, 2019, an aerial dogfight ensued between the Indian Air Force and the Pakistan Air Force. During the skirmish, Indian pilot Wing Commander Abhinandan Varthaman successfully downed a Pakistani F-16 before his MiG-21 Bison crashed across the border. Captured by the Pakistani military, Abhinandan displayed remarkable composure and was released on March 1, 2019, following intense diplomatic efforts. He was later honored with the Vir Chakra for his valor.

A Nations Tribute and Enhanced Security Measures

On this solemn anniversary, India continues to honor the sacrifice of the 40 CRPF personnel who laid down their lives in Pulwama. Union Home Minister Amit Shah paid homage, reaffirming the governments commitment to a zero-tolerance policy against terrorism. Prime Minister Narendra Modi also paid tribute, stating, The coming generation will never forget their sacrifice and their unwavering dedication to the nation.

In the six years since the Pulwama attack, India has significantly bolstered its counterterrorism measures. The CRPF has undergone extensive reforms to enhance security, improve Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), and modernize equipment. Key advancements include:

• Surveillance Enhancements: CCTV cameras and drone monitoring have been deployed along key highways.
• Safer Convoy Movements: Instead of large convoys, personnel now travel in smaller contingents, reducing vulnerability to large-scale attacks.
• Bulletproof Transportation: Troops are transported in bulletproof bunkers to minimize risks.
• Specialized Training: Road Opening Parties (ROP) have been trained in modern security practices to prevent attacks.
• Traffic Control on Highways: Strict monitoring and movement regulations have been implemented to safeguard military convoys.

A More Secure Kashmir

Over the past six years, Kashmir has witnessed a significant decline in terrorist activities, thanks to intensified counterinsurgency operations. Security forces have successfully eliminated top leaders of JeM, Lashkar-e-Taiba, and Hizbul Mujahideen, weakening their networks and reducing recruitment efforts. Notably, the number of Improvised Explosive Device (IED) attacks has also declined, with security forces detecting and neutralizing 26 IEDs since the Pulwama attack.

The Pulwama attack was a turning point in Indias fight against terrorism, prompting decisive action and long-term reforms. While the wounds of that tragic day remain fresh, the resilience and courage of Indias security forces and citizens continue to shine. The sacrifice of the 40 CRPF jawans will never be forgotten, and Indias commitment to ensuring that such a tragedy never repeats, remains unwavering.